Three Ways to Define an Ellipse

Stretch a circle, draw with a taut string, or slice a cone: why do the constructions produce the same family of curves?

Kanal
3Blue1Brown
Veröffentlicht
19. Jan. 2024
Video
0:51
Lesezeit
1 Min.
Folien
3
Original
Englisch
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In 30 Sekunden

This short 3Blue1Brown video introduces three geometric constructions of an ellipse and asks why they agree. It points to a longer companion video for the proof rather than presenting one here.

  1. 1Stretch a circleChanging the scale in one direction creates an ellipse.
  2. 2Use a stringTrace with a pencil while keeping a loop around two fixed points taut.
  3. 3Slice a coneA suitably angled plane intersects a cone in an ellipse.

Das Wichtigste

  1. Stretching a circle along one axis produces an ellipse.
  2. A taut string looped around two fixed points provides another construction.
  3. An appropriately angled plane cuts a cone in an ellipse.
  4. The short raises the equivalence question; the proof appears in the linked full video.
VOLLTEXT

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01

Three constructions

The presenter describes stretching a circle, using a string and cutting a cone.

Stretching a circle
FOLIE 1 / 3Stretching a circleAn ellipse can be obtained by changing scale along one axis.

There are at least three geometric ways to define an ellipse. One is to take a circle and stretch it in one direction.

The string construction
FOLIE 2 / 3The string constructionA pencil traces a curve while a loop of string remains taut around two fixed points.

Another is the two-thumbtack construction: loop a string around two fixed thumbtacks and trace with a pencil while keeping the string taut. A third is to cut a cone with a plane at an appropriate angle.

A conic section
FOLIE 3 / 3A conic sectionA plane cuts through a cone at an angle.
02

Why do they agree?

The short asks why the same curves arise and refers viewers to a longer proof.

Why should these three very different constructions give precisely the same family of curves, rather than merely similar-looking ovals? This short poses the question; its description links to the full video, which explains the cone-and-string equivalence.

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