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12:42ENThe Experience Machine: What Our Refusal to Plug In Says About What We ValueGuest Nick Bostrom · Host Lex FridmanNick Bostrom unpacks Robert Nozick's experience machine, the status quo effect behind our answers, and whether a simulation convincing enough to feel real would have to contain real minds.
14:55ENKasparov on Deep Blue, AlphaZero, and Why Machines Win Closed Systems but Humans Still Choose the QuestionsGuest Garry Kasparov · Host Lex FridmanGarry Kasparov revisits the 1997 loss to Deep Blue, explains why machines beat humans in closed systems, and argues that the human role is to pick the right questions and not interfere with superior machine knowledge.
10:20ENHow C++ Is Standardized: Votes, Consensus and the Move to a Three-Year Release CycleGuest Bjarne Stroustrup · Host Lex FridmanBjarne Stroustrup explains how the ISO committee works, why C++0x slipped to C++11, and how shorter cycles made C++14, C++17 and C++20 arrive on time.
11:11ENYann LeCun on Benchmarks, Interactive Environments, and Why Human Intelligence Is Not GeneralGuest Yann Lecun · Host Lex FridmanIn a 2019 clip, LeCun defends benchmarks as a test of AI claims, explains why interactive environments break the usual train-test protocol, and argues that "general intelligence" is a misnomer.
14:41ENTalking for 20 Minutes: How the Alexa Prize Turns Real Customers into a Testbed for Conversational AIGuest Rohit Prasad · Host Lex FridmanRohit Prasad, head scientist of Amazon Alexa, explains the Alexa Prize grand challenge, how it is judged and why true conversation still needs reasoning.
11:41ENTeaching Machines Humility: Stuart Russell on Escaping the King Midas ProblemGuest Stuart Russell · Host Lex FridmanIn a short clip from a 2018 conversation, Berkeley's Stuart Russell explains why fixed objectives make superintelligent AI dangerous and why uncertainty about our goals is the fix.
10:16ENReasoning Without Logic: Yann LeCun on Teaching Neural Networks to ThinkGuest Yann Lecun · Host Lex FridmanYann LeCun explains why he believes neural networks can reason, and what memory, recurrence and continuous representations would need to look like.
11:19ENWhy Donald Knuth Thinks P = NP and Why It Might Not MatterGuest Donald Knuth · Host Lex FridmanKnuth explains how an algorithm can provably exist without anyone being able to write it down, and why that shapes his view of P versus NP.
12:53ENPrinciples, Not Black Boxes: Ray Dalio on When to Trust AIGuest Ray Dalio · Host Lex FridmanRay Dalio explains how Bridgewater turns human thinking into algorithms, why machine learning is risky when the future differs from the past, and why writing down principles is the route to better decisions.
12:01ENThe Big Nap: Why Eric Weinstein Thinks the Pandemic Ends 75 Quiet YearsGuest The Big Nap · Host Lex FridmanIn an April 2020 conversation, Eric Weinstein and Lex Fridman discuss what a global crisis reveals about collective action, fragility, and the institutions we treat as museum pieces.
10:24ENConcepts: How C++ Finally Got Compile-Time Constraints on TemplatesGuest Bjarne Stroustrup · Host Lex FridmanBjarne Stroustrup explains what C++ concepts are, why they are real and shippable today, and why it took decades to get them right.
11:11ENFilling the Empty Quadrants: Jim Gates on Supersymmetry and the Beauty of Broken SymmetryGuest Jim Gates · Host Lex FridmanTheoretical physicist Jim Gates explains supersymmetry with a four-slice pie, recalls how he chose it for his thesis in the 1970s, and connects it to the way physics moves from mathematics to experiment.
12:52ENRoger Penrose on a Universe That Restarts: When the Far Future Becomes the Next Big BangGuest Roger Penrose · Host Lex FridmanPenrose explains conformal cyclic cosmology, in which the remote future of one cosmic eon is mathematically the same as the Big Bang of the next.
14:47ENBuild Your Own Types: What Bjarne Stroustrup Learned from Simula, Fortran and LispGuest Bjarne Stroustrup · Host Lex FridmanThe creator of C++ traces how Simula's user-defined types shaped his language, and why he builds for constrained, long-lived systems.
10:34ENWhy Deep Learning Needs Rules: Chollet on Interpolation, Abstraction and Hybrid AIGuest François Chollet · Host Lex FridmanFrançois Chollet explains why neural networks only interpolate between points they have seen, and why the best AI systems pair them with symbolic rules.
11:59ENFrom a Side Project to TensorFlow's Core: François Chollet on How Keras Came to BeGuest François Chollet · Host Lex FridmanThe creator of Keras recalls why he built it in 2015 around recurrent networks, how it moved onto TensorFlow, and what TensorFlow 2.0 means for its design.
11:23ENScience Is a Self-Improving System That Isn't Exploding: Chollet on the Limits of an Intelligence ExplosionGuest François Chollet · Host Lex FridmanFrançois Chollet uses the history of science to argue that recursive self-improvement meets exponential friction and yields linear, not explosive, progress.






