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54:03ENThe Hardest Part of Learning Was Left Out of the TextbooksGuest Vladimir Vapnik · Host Lex FridmanVladimir Vapnik tells Lex Fridman why intelligence is the work of inventing predicates that shrink the admissible set of functions, not of fitting a rule to a mountain of data.
42:18ENAn Adult Can Change Last Year's Mind. A Network Still Cannot.Guest Yoshua Bengio · Host Lex FridmanYoshua Bengio tells Lex Fridman that the missing pieces of deep learning sit in credit assignment, training objectives, and a kind of compositionality borrowed from classical AI — not in ten thousand layers.
1:29:03ENFrom Word Vectors to Memory Networks: The Building Blocks of Deep NLPHost Lex FridmanRichard Socher explains how word embeddings, recurrent models, GRUs, pointer mixtures, and dynamic memory networks turn language tasks into trainable end-to-end systems.
1:00:51ENDeep Learning From the Ground Up: Hugo Larochelle's One-Hour Tour of Neural Network FoundationsHost Lex FridmanA fast, equation-level walk through feed-forward networks, backpropagation, practical training tricks, dropout and batch normalization, from the 2016 Deep Learning School.
1:56:35ENFrom Autocomplete to Alien Optimizer: Riley Goodside on Three Eras of PromptingHost Nathan LabenzScale AI's first staff prompt engineer traces how language models went from pure text prediction to instruction following to RLHF, and what that means for building with them.
1:07:29ENDeep Reinforcement Learning from First Principles: Rewards, Q-Learning, Policy Gradients and AlphaZeroHost Lex FridmanLex Fridman's MIT 6.S091 opening lecture walks from the basic RL framework through DQN, actor-critic methods and AlphaZero to the unsolved problem of moving from simulation to the real world.
24:22ENCraftsmanship, First Principles and the Road to Self-Driving: Jim Keller on Working with Elon MuskGuest Jim Keller · Host Lex FridmanThe veteran chip architect explains why he thinks autonomous driving is a tractable engineering problem, how Tesla's cost constraints shaped its hardware, and what he took from Musk's way of thinking.
9:59ENIs Language or Vision Harder? Ilya Sutskever on the Unity of Machine LearningHost Lex FridmanIn a short clip from his 2020 conversation with Lex Fridman, Ilya Sutskever explains why vision, language and reinforcement learning share the same few principles, and why asking which problem is harder is the wrong question.
15:01ENDeep Learning Is a System 1 Machine: Daniel Kahneman on What AI Still LacksGuest Daniel Kahneman · Host Lex FridmanThe Nobel-winning psychologist tells Lex Fridman how his fast-and-slow thinking framework maps onto deep learning, and why driving among pedestrians may require understanding people.
56:20ENBiohub's Bet: Building Open AI World Models of Biology From Proteins Up to CellsHost Sarah Guo, Elad GilMark Zuckerberg, Priscilla Chan and Alex Rives explain why Biohub pairs a frontier AI lab with frontier wet-lab biology, and why it releases tools like ESMFold2 as open source.
1:25:16ENFrom Hand-Built Features to ResNets: Andrej Karpathy's Crash Course in Convolutional NetworksHost Lex FridmanA 2016 Deep Learning School talk covering how convnets work, how the ImageNet winners evolved, and how to apply them without being a hero.
1:28:53ENMachine Learning for Business Students: Powerful, Narrow, and Easier to Fool Than You ThinkGuest MIT Sloan · Host Lex FridmanLex Fridman's non-technical MIT Sloan lecture explains how machine learning works, why it is so capable at perception, and where it still breaks in the real world.
11:11ENYann LeCun on Benchmarks, Interactive Environments, and Why Human Intelligence Is Not GeneralGuest Yann Lecun · Host Lex FridmanIn a 2019 clip, LeCun defends benchmarks as a test of AI claims, explains why interactive environments break the usual train-test protocol, and argues that "general intelligence" is a misnomer.
1:24:43ENFrom Sparse Coding to GANs: A Tour of Unsupervised Deep Learning in 2016Host Lex FridmanRuslan Salakhutdinov walks through autoencoders, Boltzmann machines, variational autoencoders and adversarial networks at the Deep Learning School, with candid notes on what did and did not work.
1:17:38ENBrains Are Body Regulators: Lisa Feldman Barrett on Why Emotions Are Constructed, Not DetectedGuest Lisa Feldman Barrett · Host Lex FridmanIn a guest talk for MIT's AGI course, neuroscientist Lisa Feldman Barrett explains why faces don't display emotions, why brains exist to run bodies, and what that means for building human-like AI.
58:46ENCaging the Neural Network: How Aptiv Thinks About Safe Self-DrivingHost Lex FridmanAptiv Autonomous Mobility's Karl Iagnemma and Oscar Beijbom explain why end-to-end learning is hard to trust in cars, and show how PointPillars and nuScenes push lidar perception forward.
1:23:18ENFrom GPT-2 to GPT-3 Moments in Robotics: Six DeepMind Papers on Bridging Robots and the InternetHost Nathan LabenzKeerthana Gopalakrishnan and Ted Xiao walk through RT-2, RT-X, RT-Trajectory, AutoRT, Learning to Learn Faster and PIVOT, and say what is still missing for general-purpose robots.
1:15:59ENSteering Through Time: How Recurrent Networks and LSTMs Learn from SequencesHost Lex FridmanLex Fridman's MIT 6.S094 lecture walks from backpropagation basics to LSTMs and the way they are used to predict steering in self-driving cars.
1:03:59ENBuilding a World Model of Life: Biohub's Alex Rives on Why Better Measurement Must Come Before Virtual CellsHost Nathan LabenzBiohub's head of science explains why today's virtual cell models fall short, how a $1.8 billion data push aims to fix it, and what a five-year information-level model of the cell could unlock.
18:46ENDeep Learning Plus One Idea: Ilya Sutskever on Building AGIHost Lex FridmanIn a May 2020 conversation, Sutskever discusses self-play, simulation, bodies and consciousness, tests of intelligence, and how an AGI might be governed and aligned.
37:00ENInside the YouTube Algorithm: Related Graphs, Satisfaction Surveys and the Viewers Who Are Part of the CodeHost Lex FridmanYouTube's head of search and discovery, Cristos Goodrow, explains to Lex Fridman how search and recommendations work, which signals matter, and how the team measures whether viewers are better off.
1:31:52ENFrom Phonemes to CTC: How Deep Learning Rebuilt Speech RecognitionHost Lex FridmanBaidu's Adam Coates walks through the traditional speech pipeline, the CTC-based end-to-end engine that replaced much of it, and what it takes to scale and deploy it.
17:40ENFrom AlphaGo Zero to MuZero: How Self-Play Strips Knowledge Out of AIHost Lex FridmanDeepMind's David Silver explains why removing human knowledge made AlphaZero stronger and more general, and how MuZero extended the idea to worlds with unknown rules.
1:10:32ENA Billion Dollars, No VC, Under 100 People: Surge AI's Edwin Chen on Data Quality and Where AI Is HeadingGuest Edwin Chen · Host Lenny RachitskySurge AI's founder explains how a bootstrapped team built the leading human-data company, why he distrusts benchmarks, and how reinforcement learning environments are the next frontier.
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